在这项工作中，我们开发了一个有效的求解器，该求解器基于泊松方程的深神经网络，具有可变系数和由Dirac Delta函数$ \ delta（\ Mathbf {x}）$表示的可变系数和单数来源。这类问题涵盖了一般点源，线路源和点线组合，并且具有广泛的实际应用。所提出的方法是基于将真实溶液分解为一个单一部分，该部分使用拉普拉斯方程的基本解决方案在分析上以分析性的方式，以及一个正常零件，该零件满足适合的椭圆形PDE，并使用更平滑的来源，然后使用深层求解常规零件，然后使用深层零件来求解。丽兹法。建议提出遵守路径遵循的策略来选择罚款参数以惩罚Dirichlet边界条件。提出了具有点源，线源或其组合的两维空间和多维空间中的广泛数值实验，以说明所提出的方法的效率，并提供了一些现有方法的比较研究，这清楚地表明了其竞争力的竞争力具体的问题类别。此外，我们简要讨论该方法的误差分析。

我们根据单个稀疏试验扫描来研究自适应设计，以生成计算机断层扫描重建的有效扫描策略。我们使用线性化的深图像提出了一种新颖的方法。它允许将试验测量的信息纳入角度选择标准，同时保持共轭高斯线性模型的障碍。在具有优先方向的合成生成的数据集上，线性化倾角设计允许将扫描数减少到相对于等距角基线的30％。

Existing deep-learning based tomographic image reconstruction methods do not provide accurate estimates of reconstruction uncertainty, hindering their real-world deployment. This paper develops a method, termed as the linearised deep image prior (DIP), to estimate the uncertainty associated with reconstructions produced by the DIP with total variation regularisation (TV). Specifically, we endow the DIP with conjugate Gaussian-linear model type error-bars computed from a local linearisation of the neural network around its optimised parameters. To preserve conjugacy, we approximate the TV regulariser with a Gaussian surrogate. This approach provides pixel-wise uncertainty estimates and a marginal likelihood objective for hyperparameter optimisation. We demonstrate the method on synthetic data and real-measured high-resolution 2D $\mu$CT data, and show that it provides superior calibration of uncertainty estimates relative to previous probabilistic formulations of the DIP. Our code is available at https://github.com/educating-dip/bayes_dip.

最近在图像重建之前被引入了深度图像。它表示要作为深度卷积神经网络的输出恢复的图像，并学习网络的参数，使得输出适合损坏的观察。尽管它令人印象深刻的重建属性，但与学到的学习或传统的重建技术相比，该方法缓慢。我们的工作开发了一个两阶段学习范式来解决计算挑战：（i）我们在合成数据集上执行网络的监督预测;（ii）我们微调网络的参数，以适应目标重建。我们展示了预先预测的预测，从实际测量的生物样本的实际微型计算机断层扫描数据中提高了随后的重建。代码和附加实验材料可在https://educateddip.github.io/docs.educated_deep_image_prior/处获得。

基于深度学习的图像重建方法在许多成像方式中表现出令人印象深刻的经验表现。这些方法通常需要大量的高质量配对训练数据，这在医学成像中通常不可用。为了解决这个问题，我们为贝叶斯框架内的学习重建提供了一种新颖的无监督知识转移范式。提出的方法分为两个阶段学习重建网络。第一阶段训练一个重建网络，其中包括一组有序对，包括椭圆的地面真相图像和相应的模拟测量数据。第二阶段微调在没有监督的情况下将经过验证的网络用于更现实的测量数据。通过构造，该框架能够通过重建图像传递预测性不确定性信息。我们在低剂量和稀疏视图计算机断层扫描上提出了广泛的实验结果，表明该方法与几种最先进的监督和无监督的重建技术具有竞争力。此外，对于与培训数据不同的测试数据，与仅在合成数据集中训练的学习方法相比，所提出的框架不仅在视觉上可以显着提高重建质量，而且在PSNR和SSIM方面也可以显着提高重建质量。

Optical coherence tomography (OCT) captures cross-sectional data and is used for the screening, monitoring, and treatment planning of retinal diseases. Technological developments to increase the speed of acquisition often results in systems with a narrower spectral bandwidth, and hence a lower axial resolution. Traditionally, image-processing-based techniques have been utilized to reconstruct subsampled OCT data and more recently, deep-learning-based methods have been explored. In this study, we simulate reduced axial scan (A-scan) resolution by Gaussian windowing in the spectral domain and investigate the use of a learning-based approach for image feature reconstruction. In anticipation of the reduced resolution that accompanies wide-field OCT systems, we build upon super-resolution techniques to explore methods to better aid clinicians in their decision-making to improve patient outcomes, by reconstructing lost features using a pixel-to-pixel approach with an altered super-resolution generative adversarial network (SRGAN) architecture.

We introduce a new tool for stochastic convex optimization (SCO): a Reweighted Stochastic Query (ReSQue) estimator for the gradient of a function convolved with a (Gaussian) probability density. Combining ReSQue with recent advances in ball oracle acceleration [CJJJLST20, ACJJS21], we develop algorithms achieving state-of-the-art complexities for SCO in parallel and private settings. For a SCO objective constrained to the unit ball in $\mathbb{R}^d$, we obtain the following results (up to polylogarithmic factors). We give a parallel algorithm obtaining optimization error $\epsilon_{\text{opt}}$ with $d^{1/3}\epsilon_{\text{opt}}^{-2/3}$ gradient oracle query depth and $d^{1/3}\epsilon_{\text{opt}}^{-2/3} + \epsilon_{\text{opt}}^{-2}$ gradient queries in total, assuming access to a bounded-variance stochastic gradient estimator. For $\epsilon_{\text{opt}} \in [d^{-1}, d^{-1/4}]$, our algorithm matches the state-of-the-art oracle depth of [BJLLS19] while maintaining the optimal total work of stochastic gradient descent. We give an $(\epsilon_{\text{dp}}, \delta)$-differentially private algorithm which, given $n$ samples of Lipschitz loss functions, obtains near-optimal optimization error and makes $\min(n, n^2\epsilon_{\text{dp}}^2 d^{-1}) + \min(n^{4/3}\epsilon_{\text{dp}}^{1/3}, (nd)^{2/3}\epsilon_{\text{dp}}^{-1})$ queries to the gradients of these functions. In the regime $d \le n \epsilon_{\text{dp}}^{2}$, where privacy comes at no cost in terms of the optimal loss up to constants, our algorithm uses $n + (nd)^{2/3}\epsilon_{\text{dp}}^{-1}$ queries and improves recent advancements of [KLL21, AFKT21]. In the moderately low-dimensional setting $d \le \sqrt n \epsilon_{\text{dp}}^{3/2}$, our query complexity is near-linear.

Cashews are grown by over 3 million smallholders in more than 40 countries worldwide as a principal source of income. As the third largest cashew producer in Africa, Benin has nearly 200,000 smallholder cashew growers contributing 15% of the country's national export earnings. However, a lack of information on where and how cashew trees grow across the country hinders decision-making that could support increased cashew production and poverty alleviation. By leveraging 2.4-m Planet Basemaps and 0.5-m aerial imagery, newly developed deep learning algorithms, and large-scale ground truth datasets, we successfully produced the first national map of cashew in Benin and characterized the expansion of cashew plantations between 2015 and 2021. In particular, we developed a SpatioTemporal Classification with Attention (STCA) model to map the distribution of cashew plantations, which can fully capture texture information from discriminative time steps during a growing season. We further developed a Clustering Augmented Self-supervised Temporal Classification (CASTC) model to distinguish high-density versus low-density cashew plantations by automatic feature extraction and optimized clustering. Results show that the STCA model has an overall accuracy of 80% and the CASTC model achieved an overall accuracy of 77.9%. We found that the cashew area in Benin has doubled from 2015 to 2021 with 60% of new plantation development coming from cropland or fallow land, while encroachment of cashew plantations into protected areas has increased by 70%. Only half of cashew plantations were high-density in 2021, suggesting high potential for intensification. Our study illustrates the power of combining high-resolution remote sensing imagery and state-of-the-art deep learning algorithms to better understand tree crops in the heterogeneous smallholder landscape.

There are multiple scales of abstraction from which we can describe the same image, depending on whether we are focusing on fine-grained details or a more global attribute of the image. In brain mapping, learning to automatically parse images to build representations of both small-scale features (e.g., the presence of cells or blood vessels) and global properties of an image (e.g., which brain region the image comes from) is a crucial and open challenge. However, most existing datasets and benchmarks for neuroanatomy consider only a single downstream task at a time. To bridge this gap, we introduce a new dataset, annotations, and multiple downstream tasks that provide diverse ways to readout information about brain structure and architecture from the same image. Our multi-task neuroimaging benchmark (MTNeuro) is built on volumetric, micrometer-resolution X-ray microtomography images spanning a large thalamocortical section of mouse brain, encompassing multiple cortical and subcortical regions. We generated a number of different prediction challenges and evaluated several supervised and self-supervised models for brain-region prediction and pixel-level semantic segmentation of microstructures. Our experiments not only highlight the rich heterogeneity of this dataset, but also provide insights into how self-supervised approaches can be used to learn representations that capture multiple attributes of a single image and perform well on a variety of downstream tasks. Datasets, code, and pre-trained baseline models are provided at: https://mtneuro.github.io/ .

In this paper, we develop an efficient multi-scale network to predict action classes in partial videos in an end-to-end manner. Unlike most existing methods with offline feature generation, our method directly takes frames as input and further models motion evolution on two different temporal scales.Therefore, we solve the complexity problems of the two stages of modeling and the problem of insufficient temporal and spatial information of a single scale. Our proposed End-to-End MultiScale Network (E2EMSNet) is composed of two scales which are named segment scale and observed global scale. The segment scale leverages temporal difference over consecutive frames for finer motion patterns by supplying 2D convolutions. For observed global scale, a Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) is incorporated to capture motion features of observed frames. Our model provides a simple and efficient modeling framework with a small computational cost. Our E2EMSNet is evaluated on three challenging datasets: BIT, HMDB51, and UCF101. The extensive experiments demonstrate the effectiveness of our method for action prediction in videos.